Mission Impossible

It started out a typical morning -- Oh, you'd rather it was a dark and stormy night? Good idea. I like that; here goes...

It was a dark and stormy night. The wind was howling, trees swayed like hula girls (hula girls? In Maine? Maybe on a fuzzy dashboard.) and rain lashed my windshield as I pulled out of the parking lot. Eager to get home, I didn't notice the cassette lying on the seat next to me until I reached over for my gloves. It couldn’t have been mine; I hadn't listened to a cassette recording in years. Who's been in my car, I wondered, when, and why?

I pulled onto the shoulder and gave my discovery the once over. There was no label, it didn't smell like gasoline, gunpowder, or anything obviously lethal. I hadn't dallied with anyone's girlfriend, wife, or ex, and besides, the local boys wouldn't use a tape; they'd run me down with a really big truck and then shoot me for good measure. Thinking I was fairly safe, I inserted it into the player -- with my hand on the door latch, just in case. 

A dispassionate male voice I might have accused of belonging to Lawrence Fishburne under other circumstances, said, "Good Evening, Mr. Beggar. Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to answer the question, 'What is a D.O.?' in 140 typed characters or less. Whether you include spaces is entirely up to you. For what it’s worth, your team suggested we do something physiologically impossible with this, so you're on your own. This message will self-destruct in 5, 4, 3, 2...hiss, whirrrr, click."

Acrid grey-black smoke billowed from the CD/cassette player and I swung the door wide, leaning out into the rain and coughing like Doc Holiday in Tombstone (1993) or Wyatt Earp (1994). Somebody from the AOA with a taste for cloak and dagger, I thought, who else? Talk about Mission Impossible. Wait a minute, isn't there supposed to be theme music playing? Where's the thump-thump, thumptha thump-thump signaling I'm about to do something really cool? Mmph. Budget cuts.

What made my task resemble Tom Cruise leaping from a speeding train was the subject matter. It's hard enough to express meaningfully when you've got all night. My "assignment" -- in reality, a sort of contest, but it's more fun this way -- was going to present a challenge. How can we explain the "DO essentials" to the average person for whom "doctor," often as not, refers to an MD? It's like trying to fit an elephant comfortably into a box designed for an engagement ring and expecting it to be recognizable as an elephant when the box is opened. At this point, 140 characters started to resemble the penance given a petulant soul doing time in Purgatory. And then it got worse.

Pretty much everyone agrees, the care and feeding of both types of medical doctor is virtually identical, with the exception that DOs are also trained in the delivery of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine. On that basis, the question might be raised, why not have the same degree? By itself, is OMM sufficient reason to warrant separate licensing, specialty boards, and so forth? In other words, why not just make all physicians DOs and be done with it? I have a sneaking suspicion the American Medical Association might have something to say about that. Not to mention my best friend who is an MD and one of the most osteopathic of physicians I've ever known. Yet, even he will admit that he and I, MD and DO, are better together than we are separately, and that is due to the differences in our training, not the similarities.

Our training is the overall critical factor and if the training received by DO and MD physicians were truly mirror images, an identical designation would make lexicographic sense. Despite appearances, they are not, however, and not merely because of OMM. Osteopathic medicine is oriented differently and this takes us to the heart of the matter.

Hippocrates said, "It's more important to know what sort of person has a disease than which disease a person has." He could have been speaking as a DO because osteopathic medicine focuses on persons, both as individuals and as members of a community. It conceives of them as complex entities who experience themselves and their environment in ways inclusive of cognition, emotion, and physical embodiment. Their behavior is goal-directed and they are prone to regard the search for meaning as a sublime pursuit. Their bodies are a model of integration in which the part affects the whole and nothing affects the whole without also affecting the person whom it visually represents. Ultimately, the person is everything.

Person-centered care has become a hot topic lately, especially at medical conferences. For osteopathic physicians, however, person-centered is far more than a hot topic, it is a pervasive and all-inclusive, soul-deep conviction that conditions every aspect of the doctor-patient relationship. It isn't a practice emphasis, it is our defining feature. It isn't something we do, it is who we are.

I'm way beyond 140 characters and we haven't even hinted at the role played by OMM or the osteopathic preference for finding and treating the cause of disease rather than symptoms alone, whenever possible. See what I mean? The elephant is so big and the box so very small.

Still, I did accept this mission, so I'd better get cracking. You'll forgive me if I keep one hand on the door latch. Maybe the tape wasn't a "bomb," but that doesn't guarantee my solution won't be. A D.O. is a medical doctor, dedicated to the care and treatment of persons, in sickness and health, of all that they are and wish to become, and a great deal more, besides. 140 characters without spaces. You know, I think I'm starting to hear music.

Thump thump, thumptha, thump thump...

(Creative Commons Image by Baptigrou via Flickr) 

Healthcare Without Politics: The Future is Now

Is it even possible anymore, healthcare without politics? 
I don't know, but I hope so. I'd hate to think the only place it could exist was Disney World. I hope we can reach the point midst all the  maneuvering and jockeying for power and influence where our concern for those who need healthcare exceeds its value as political capital. Sadly, we're not there yet.

Back in the day when, for the average person, Blue Cross/Blue Shield was pretty much the only health insurance game in town, coverage protected in case of catastrophe, i.e. hospitalization. I've described in other posts my own experience of kidney stones necessitating two major surgeries. My family paid out of pocket for outpatient doctor visits and prescriptions, grateful our Blue Cross policy meant the cost of my hospital stay wouldn't hit us with the force of a tsunami carrying the threat of bankruptcy in its wake.

At the time I was recovering from kidney stones and for a few years thereafter, doctors were reimbursed by insurance for services rendered. It was called a fee-for-service system. More services meant greater reimbursement. Eventually, managed care firms came into existence and in the effort to control the costs of operation, they established criteria that must be met, justifying tests and procedures, before  insurance claims would be paid and doctors reimbursed. Soon it became necessary for providers and/or policy holders to obtain authorizations for treatment before managed care considered itself obligated to pay. If you think about it from a business perspective, this makes sense. A company can only pay out so much before it is unable to pay at all.

The road to hell is lined with good intentions, as the saying goes, and while management of healthcare costs was doubtless a factor in the evolution of managed care, we have to remember, healthcare insurance is still a business and the first priority of any business is to make a profit. To accomplish this goal, a business has to increase revenues and/or reduce expenses. Determining which procedures or medications were clinically indicated, ostensibly based on empirical evidence, was one way of setting limits on expenses. Refusing to cover pre-existing conditions was another. Over time, decisions of medical necessity were taken over by managed care and stories of treatment denial, some of them truly horrible, started surfacing. You've heard them on the nightly news as have I.

Despite public outcry, doctors' frustration with a growing insurance beuracracy, and the efforts of congressional leaders like the late Senator Ted Kennedy, insurance reform lagged. Ours is a free-market economy, it was argued, competition lies at the heart of the American Way. Socialized medicine in Canada and Europe, opponents declared, provided poorer quality care and ours was the best in the world. The reality, however, failed to live up to the evidence even as the arguments proliferated.

Families on the verge of collapse because of alcoholism or drug abuse may resort to performing an intervention, confronting the substance abuser who is unwilling or unable to get treatment themselves. Not dissimilarly, someone had to intervene if healthcare insurance was going to obtain the "treatment" it had long needed. Relying on competition to even the field failed to yield more affordable coverage and the number of uninsured Americans continued to grow. Either free-market theory was wrong or the industry discovered how to prosper in spite of it. Although many believed there were good reasons for reforming the system, there was insufficient motivation for the system to reform itself.

Enter the Affordable Care and Patient Protection Act, the function of which is to enable one to obtain affordable healthcare insurance and provide protection against potential abuses by the insurance industry. Under its umbrella, patients can no longer be denied coverage because of preexisting conditions. The determination of medical necessity has been placed back into the hands of those who are committed to serve the needs of patients. Doctors now have the right to review private insurance company files that identified physicians with high utilization patient populations and directed new referrals to those whose patients were regarded as healthier and therefore cheaper to insure. 

It's not a perfect solution but imperfection doesn't automatically render it a bad one. If anything, we're discovering it's a work in progress and we'll need to adjust and adapt it as we go. I don't think it represents a step toward socialism anymore than the Selective Service represented a step toward a police state. Most of us are too smart to believe that line, even if politicians aren't smart enough to find a better one. 

The Affordable Care Act is an attempt to reform a system sorely in need of reform, not only for the sake of patients and policy holders, but for its own sake as well. As with any intervention, the insurance industry finds change painful and naturally responds with anger, disbelief, and a desire to bargain, hoping to retain something of the status quo. Over time, acceptance will ensue and the industry will find itself better off for the changes that have been made. In the meantime, we're past the point of no return; pretending the good old days were the best days is a fantasy and Fantasy Land is for cartoons. We live in Tomorrow Land and the future is now. 


(Creative Commons image of Walt Disney Politics by sbwoodside via Flickr)

Doctors and Spirituality: Nothing is Etched in Stone

On the premise one agrees spirituality is important to medicine, as I argued in yesterday's post, that's only where the story begins. There are even more questions to be raised about its management in the clinical setting. For example, who is best qualified to inquire about spirituality and, besides, isn't it an end-of-life issue? What if a patient asks their physician to pray with them and s/he is an atheist? These are real concerns and as a minister on the cusp of medical residency, I'd like to offer a perspective.  

Customarily, religious or spiritual preference is noted in the intake interview and becomes part of a patient's chart. Whoever does the intake should ask, at least generically, about the significance of religion, faith, or spirituality. During times of stress, changes of life, or when treatment decisions can be affected by religious beliefs, it's especially appropriate for the physician to broach the subject. When patients come to the clinic, they anticipate seeing a doctor they know and have come to rely on. The doctor-patient relationship provides an ideal basis for talking about what health or illness means to them, personally. As I define it, such conversations reflect "spirituality" in its most basic sense.  

Naturally, you'd assume spirituality to be an end-of-life concern but it surfaces at other times as well. For instance, couples who have been relatively uninterested in religion often express a desire to reconnect with family religious traditions when a newborn enters the picture. As a first-time pastor, I discovered young children in the home was associated with parents attending church regularly. Family atmosphere, the potential for children to learn moral principles, and social contact with other parents were important factors in the decision to become involved. Midlife is another time when spirituality may take on new significance. The point to remember is, spirituality and relating -- intrapersonally and interpersonally -- go hand in hand, and most of us are best at both while we're still breathing.

The question of qualifications is one that has far less importance for spirituality than the practice of medicine. Doctors are accustomed to referring patients when a specialist would be better qualified to be of help. Spirituality, however, doesn't require technical expertise to be addressed meaningfully. Patients don't expect their physician to be a theologian. What they expect is consideration, respect, and empathy. If we can't provide these qualities, we've got far bigger fish to fry than whether we can explain why bad things happen to good people. And for the record, even ministerial folk have a hard time with that one, if they're honest about it. As long as we stay in touch with our humanity, we've got all the qualifications we'll ever need.

Well, then, what about physicians counseling with integrity when their own convictions concerning spirituality are at odds with patients'? While statistics indicate physicians who are fairly comfortable bringing up spirituality tend to be persons of faith, there's absolutely no reason why this should be considered necessary or even advantageous. For one thing, it's not about what we as physicians believe or disbelieve, anyway. For another, there are a number of potential points of disagreement with patients, including music, politics, caffeine or decaf, none of which require us to alter our convictions to be medically effective. In any case, introducing spirituality into the conversation is never an occasion for us to persuade, convert, or pontificate.

Admittedly, possessing a spiritual orientation may seem helpful, but it can also create problems. The innocent presumption that you know what a patient is talking about since you're able to identify with their experience may result in failing to ask follow-up questions. Conversely, patients may withhold information believing a common experience tells you all you need to know. In situations like these, having no spiritual orientation or one that differs from your patient can be an advantage because it requires us to explain ourselves rather than err by relying on assumptions.

Finally, in the matter of praying with patients, I'm reminded of a wonderful line from the film, Oh, God (1975). John Denver's character asks God (George Burns) if they might just talk now and then, to which God says, "You talk, I'll listen." If a patient should ask their doctor to pray with them, whether or not they are persons of faith, offering to listen reverently while the patient prays is spot on. If they should ask you, as their doctor, to pray on their behalf, there is no harm in gently explaining your convictions should they differ from your patients'. By telling the truth you maintain your integrity and confirm your trustworthiness. Furthermore, your honesty tells your patient that you value them too much as persons to pretend to be someone other than who you are. The result could very well be a much stronger bond between you.

Admittedly, in this essay I haven't gone anywhere near the truly difficult and painful spiritual/ethical issues of blood transfusions and Jehovah's Witnesses, abortion, or faith-based objections to teenage birth control and HPV vaccination. My interest has been on what you might call "bread and butter" spiritual concerns, but demonstrating respect, empathy, and truthfulness is essential in any situation involving religion or spirituality. We struggle, do our best, make mistakes, fall down and get back up, mindful that where spirituality is concerned, nothing is etched in stone. 


(Creative Commons image by john-norris via Flickr)

Why is Spirituality Important to Medicine?

 
That's a good question. Why is it? Well, to try and formulate what I hope will be an equally good answer, we should begin by defining our terms, though I'll tell you right off, precise definitions are elusive. "Spirituality" can suggest devotion to a particular religious tradition, but often as not, it refers to something that has little or nothing to do with organized religion. It may signify a feeling of relatedness to something and/or someone greater than ourselves or express the way a person conceives of their life unfolding. It may describe a personal sense of meaning and purpose or the conviction there is no purpose, that life is a series of random events possessing no more significance or predictability than the numbers drawn in the lottery. "Spirituality" literally can mean almost anything; it all depends on how we use the word.

Sigmund Freud called religion and by extension, spirituality, a "universal obsessive neurosis," inferring it was associated with psychological ill-health. His most famous student, C.G. Jung, disagreed and considered spirituality essential to a patient's well-being. Individuation -- the process of achieving fully conscious self-realization -- could be nurtured by a spiritual orientation as well as psychotherapy. But instead of relying on the doctor and patient relationship, spirituality activates archetypal images residing in the unconscious that enable us to feel grounded and genuinely connected with the deepest aspects of ourselves, a process some call "soul work." Unlike Freud, it wasn't the practice of spirituality that troubled Jung; it was its neglect that created problems requiring psychiatric help.
 
Jung gave considerable attention to Christian images and theology in the development of Depth Psychology, but he also drew on other forms of spiritual expression, including Hinduism, Islam, and the study of alchemy. In the I Ching, for instance, Jung discovered a useful instrument for revealing his own unconscious motivations. He regarded the symbols that recur throughout the I Ching, religion and mysticism as comprehensible images of a mature and fully integrated self.

If we think of spirituality, therefore, as the expression of a powerful desire or need that, when adequately addressed, leads to a feeling of wholeness, we can begin to let go the notion that spirituality must be opposed to science and reason. True, spirituality is irrational in the sense that it's an intuitive process, but irrational doesn't equate with anti-rational. It simply means spirituality "knows" in a way that sidesteps reason or logic. We call this relying on "flashes of insight."

You could say, intuition operates like saltatory conduction in the brain and spinal cord. Some nerves, particularly the longest ones, are wound about with a substance called myelin, making them look like a string of hotdogs placed end to end. An electrical signal travels along a nerve by leaping between the spaces between one "bun" and the next until it reaches its target. This type of signaling is much faster than the stepwise transmission employed by nerves that don't require "rapid transit" for communication. Similar cognitive leaps characterize intuition, though we may have to retrace our steps in order to explain to others how we "arrived at the station," so to speak.

Quaker philosopher Elton Trueblood described post-WW II America as "the cut flower generation," and identified its critical existential problem as disconnection from its psycho-spiritual roots. Cut flowers look very nice in a vase, but they don't survive very long that way. Spirituality can be understood as an intuitive effort to find one's place in the universe, to put down roots and establish a sense of belonging.  

Although most people probably think about seeing a doctor or psychiatrist when they feel ill or they've got a problem, medicine is moving toward a model that promotes health and wellness. You take your car to the mechanic for regular maintenance, why wait until you're sick to see your physician about health maintenance? If your doctor is an osteopathic physician or psychiatrist, attending to the mind-body-spirit triad lies at the heart of their medical philosophy. "Spirit," like "spirituality," can mean many things, but as physicians, recognizing and cooperating with its presence means we wish to promote wholeness, a type of wellness that touches a patient through and through, that improves their quality of life and the lives of those around them. 

(Creative Commons image by NA dir via Flickr)

Osteopathic Psychiatry, the Forest, and the Trees

You remember the 1998 film, The Horse Whisperer, don't you? Robert Redford riding the range of Montana. Kristin Scott Thomas the intense New York magazine editor. Her daughter, Scarlett Johansson, reeling in the aftermath of an accident involving her, her horse, and an 18 wheeler. Music by Thomas Newman, recalling redemption at Shawshank Prison, sets the tone (no one scores redemption like Newman).

Kristen Scott wants Redford to fix her daughter's horse. It's pretty simple, she says, do whatever it is you do, take my money, and I'll be on my way. I'm busy, my life is full, I don't have time for distractions. He's an animal, not a person, fix him, like my car. You live on a ranch, you fix things, fix this.

But Redford can't and neither can anyone else. Not with a snap of the fingers, anyway. Some things take time, he replies, and your horse is one of them. You should also know, I don't treat symptoms in isolation. Your daughter will be involved and very likely, so will you, before all is said and done. The forest is as important as the tree.

Osteopathic Psychiatry is like that, or it ought to be. 

When I published Osteopathic Psychiatry: Time to Smell the Roses, I had no idea it would become as popular as it has, suggesting other people are as interested in the subject as I am. Curiously, that particular post was inspired by a problem I had researching osteopathic psychiatry. Apart from chapters in the seminal osteopathic textbooks and scattered journal articles, there wasn't much out there. Google "psychiatry" and you'll be busy reading til the next millennium. But a body of literature, devoted specifically to the theory and practice of osteopathic psychiatry, eluded me. I was reminded how unexplored territories are labeled on old maps. No roads or rivers, just the phrase, "Beware, there be dragons here."

Sometimes I wonder if this "empty book shelf syndrome" stems from uncertainty about whether there is such a thing as a peculiarly "osteopathic" psychiatry? What if psychiatry is nothing more than a purely allopathic endeavor that osteopathic physicians practice in imitation of their M.D. colleagues? If that were truly the case, we could stop right here. End of discussion. 

On the other hand, what if the diagnosis and treatment of mental distress and disease, its biophysical underpinnings, and behavioral expression, is a sub-field of medicine, independent of theoretical orientation or professional degree? I believe this is precisely how we should think about psychiatry, much as we do with the other forms of practice that make up the fabric of medicine as a whole. 

Now we're in the position to ask, is there any justification for an osteopathic approach to psychiatry? Are there identifying marks rendering it unique? Suggesting clinical activity is "osteopathic by association," i.e. osteopathic by virtue of being practiced by a DO, doesn't work as well as it sounds. That's too much like saying a wedding ceremony is Baptist (or Jewish or anything else) because a Baptist minister performed it. You can take my word for it, I've performed enough weddings to know, the minister's denominational affiliation means very little. The character of the rite itself must reflect the tradition the minister represents. 

Taking a clue from DOs who practice physical medicine, one of at least two key elements in the "rites" of osteopathic psychiatry should be the insistence upon a person-centered framework for diagnosis and treatment. In my experience, MD physicians almost universally describe DOs as whole-person oriented in contrast to their own problem-based focus. Put simply, and perhaps too simply, MDs are trained to evaluate the tree; DOs to evaluate the tree and the forest as a single entity. Superior is not how I'd describe the difference; complimentary is far more accurate. Our medical house is big enough for each of us to have our own room and share the common spaces without feeling cramped.

A second key element, which could actually turn out to be the defining feature of osteopathic psychiatry, is the way it attends to the mind-body interface. We're physicians, not psychologists. We learn how to perform physical examinations, treat physical illness, and use Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) in patient care. Whether we do these in the clinical setting or not, the training and experience are still there. At the core of osteopathic medical training is the explicit understanding there is no artificial distinction -- no disunity -- between mind and body. If the triad of mind-brain-behavior represents the tree, the body, at bare minimum, represents the forest. Mind-body integration lies at the heart of everything we do. How this will work out in terms of philosophy and psychiatric practice guidelines is the direction I think we're moving.
 
The way we're accustomed to thinking about medical practice is changing rapidly. Integrative care, involving psychiatrists who function as consultants within primary care settings, may become increasingly common. A new generation of osteopathic psychiatrists has begun applying OMM to alleviate the somatic dysfunction accompanying, compounding, or in some cases, even leading to symptoms associated with psychiatric illness. DO and MD psychiatrists alike may find themselves monitoring medical conditions their instructors customarily referred to the Internist. Our generation of psychiatrists -- particularly osteopathic psychiatrists -- may eventually be known as the one that took the stethoscope out of the desk drawer and placed it back round our necks, where it belongs.

(Creative commons image by takomabibelot via Flikr)

Medical School Without a Doubt

"Regrets, Eric, that you're not down there with them?"

"Yeah...no doubts, though."

These words pass between coach Sandy McGrath and runner Eric Liddell in the film Chariots of Fire (1981).  Sitting in the stands, they're watching the 1924 Olympics event in which Liddel refused to participate because it was held on Sunday. 

As you may recall, Liddell was firm in his religious convictions, including keeping Sunday as the Lord's day. Adherence to his beliefs brought him into conflict with the Olympic Committee whose members found it incredible anyone would place God above King and Country. Seeing his teammates run without him, he wishes he was among them -- even with strong convictions, he's still human -- but it's a wish unaccompanied by doubt. In his final race, a competitor says of him, "He has something to prove. Something personal. Something guys like (our) coach would never understand in a million years."

Probably the second most common question I get about attending medical school at my age relates to whether I have any regrets about my decision. "Now that you're here, has medical school lived up to your expectations? Would you do it again, knowing what you know now? Is the pursuit and presumed attainment of a dream everything it's cracked up to be?"

Truthfully, it depends on the dreamer. For me, it certainly has been, and continues to be, as fulfilling as I hoped it would be, and in ways I couldn't have imagined what seems like a lifetime ago. In part, this is because I haven't been aiming at achieving a distant goal nearly as much as I've been engaged in a daily process of achievement. 

Life is a terminal illness for everyone and waiting to live is folly. Sure, like the rest of my classmates, I can hardly wait for the day I get my first paycheck as an attending physician, but delaying enjoyment of what I'm doing until then is like carrying a dream around in a bucket that has a hole in it. You wake up one morning to find your dream has dribbled away when you weren't looking.

This is why I try to take every day as another chance to work at being a doctor, even one in training, though may I forget, as we all do. Distracted by a mistake or worried about my performance, I stumble over my own frailty, and then a nurse asks me what she should do next or a patient smiles after we've discussed her upcoming procedure and I remember. Doctor is who we are on the inside, long before our names are punctuated by the initials D.O. or M.D. on our white coats.

Would I do it over again, knowing what I know now? I've probably answered that one already, but let's just say a person can arrive at the point where living authentically is more important than playing it safe. You bet I'd do it again, though, with the virtue of hindsight, there are a few things I'd do differently along the way. For instance, I'd make the acquaintance of Francis Ihejirika, MD, much sooner. Francis is the founder of the PASS Program in Champaign, Ill., and even more than successfully preparing me for board exams, he taught me how to think as a medical clinician. Eight weeks of being challenged, encouraged, patted on the back and kicked in the pants were life changing. "Thank you" is scarcely enough.

I'd also be less afraid, if that's possible and maybe it isn't when you're trying to swim against fifty-foot waves that drown the biggest ships as though they were the tiniest toys. But that's what medical school can seem like. We start out feeling vulnerable -- much like we do in those crazy dreams where we're naked and everyone else isn't. You've had those, too, huh? Funny how I never manage to have Daniel Craig's physique (Casino Royale, 2006), despite what Freud said about dreams representing wish fulfillment. Anyway, we end up finding out the individuals we thought were the smartest, the most gifted, and presumably, the most invulnerable, have have been battered by the waves, too. 

Medical school is a huge undertaking; it's the hugest thing most of us have ever attempted. I can't stress this enough. Honesty forbids me from coloring this truth in anything but black and white. Nothing I know of can adequately prepare a person for the volume of material they're going to face, the hurricane force at which it strikes, or the feelings of aloneness that surface in the wee hours before exams. It's something you have to experience to know. But looking back, I can see how I've grown in the confidence surviving brings and without a doubt, I'm braver because of it.

(Creative Commons image of Eric Liddell via Wikipedia)

Medical School at My Age

 
A week ago, a few days before graduation, I was asked the question I hear more frequently than any other: "Why did you choose to attend medical school at this time in your life?" My questioner went on to say he’d graduated in the late 1970s and couldn't imagine doing it "at my age." 

You'd think after six years I'd have gotten enough practice that answering questions like his wouldn't require much reflection. To a certain extent, that's true, except over time my understanding of why I undertook this process has grown, and along with it, the way I respond to questions related to age. 

Now, to be fair, some of it does have to do with how I read the the other person. What do they really want to know and how much time have they got? Is it polite cocktail party curiosity or are they contemplating a course correction in their own career? In this case, the question was posed by an attending anesthesiologist I'd just met and we scarcely had any time at all, so I talked briefly about pursuing a dream. As I walked to my car a bit later, it occurred to me how impossible it is to imagine myself not  being a medical student at this point in my life and how very little age has had anything to do with it.

Admittedly, that isn't entirely true. Before I undertook medical school, I argued vociferously against it, considering age my most salient point. I wanted to become a doctor and, particularly a psychiatrist. I always had, but the circumstances of life took me in other directions and it seemed ridiculous to suppose anyone would take me seriously now. Obviously, I eventually lost that argument and what I've realized over time is I never had a chance of winning in the first place. Something was afoot in my life that neither reason nor common sense nor anything else had the power to effectively counter, as I hope the following story reveals.

It was a Sunday night and my shift as a substance abuse therapist at a Boston hospital was 30 minutes away from being history when I was paged to the nursing station to handle an admission. My patient was an older, intoxicated gentleman, accompanied by his adult son. They were pleasant, intelligent, lived out on the Cape (Cod), and despite grumbling to myself about having a new admission so close to sign-out, I immediately took a liking to them both. A few moments later, while meeting with the father to sign his paperwork, he said to me, "Doctor, I want to tell you how all of this began..."  I ought to have told him I was only his therapist, but hearing the title, "doctor," honestly it felt so good, I just couldn't. 

I told myself I'd explain the next day and I did. I wasn't trying to mislead him, but it felt like unfaithfulness to something I didn't quite understand, to correct him. You might say he was under the influence and simply mistook me for his physician because I was an older male. I say in vino veritas. Unknowingly, and probably unconsciously, he saw into a deep and private place and called me by the name nobody, not my parents, my friends, or anyone else, had ever spoken. For the first time in my life it seemed as though someone knew who I was. How could I deny that?

Back then I wasn't so much thinking as feeling. Drawing near the end of this leg of the journey, I've done a great deal of thinking and I've begun to realize how very much it's been like growing into a father's shoes. When we're young, we slip into them and they're huge, so huge we can't walk without stepping out of them. One day, they've grown smaller and then smaller still until they fit us as well as dad. Why attend medical school at my age? I guess you could say, that's when the shoes finally fit.

In another life, to borrow from Katy Perry, whom I love, I might have gone to medical school "on time." The tricky thing about other lives is they don't come into being unless we find a way to make them. I didn't have the keys to a Delorean (Back to the Future) in my pocket, so reversing the time-space continuum wasn't an option. All I could do was be like the proverbial turtle, who never gets anywhere unless he sticks his neck out. Yes, I was older and by definition, that meant attending medical school as an older, rather than younger, adult. Age was a piece of my puzzle. But it was only a single piece and nowhere near my biggest one. Had I been born someone else, it might have been gender, race, or national origin. We all have something we can't change.  

George Eliot (pen name of Mary Anne Evans), author of Silas Marner, said, "It's never too late to be who you might have been," to which I'd add, until it's too late for everything but that final breath.  What has become clearer and clearer to me is how much medical school and now, residency, have come to mean immeasurably more than simply fulfilling a long cherished dream. They mean being true to what I've learned about myself as this process has unfolded and there really are very few things quite as important. They mean acting on the freedom to make choices of my own rather than making up excuses for denying them and then, trying to live with the consequences. They also mean, considering everything that lies behind and whatever lies ahead of me, there isn't anything to make me regret coming this way.


(Photo copyright 2013 by the author)

Graduation: Catching Up at Last

If the road to hell is lined with good intentions, I was well on my way yesterday, having fully intended to write and yet finding my brain utterly exhausted from the events of Saturday. To say graduation was memorable is so far from the truth as to almost be a lie: it was more like a dream and I was living it. Truthfully, though, Sunday morning I was almost certain it had been precisely that. It wasn't until I took the dogs out for their walk and looked in the car for my sunglasses, that I noticed the box my robes had come in. "Well, guys," I said, "I guess I wasn't dreaming, after all."

It sure felt like it and I'm sure it stems from the fact that I've never had any absolute assurance I'd make it this far. Not that I was a doubter, like Hero Boy in The Polar Express, who wanted proof of the existence of Santa Claus before committing himself to believing. I knew in my "heart of hearts," as my mother used to say, the obstacles and difficulties I'd encountered along the way would only make graduation sweeter. But still in all, our demons have a tendency to haunt us in the darkness of night, especially before exams, whispering wickedly, You're a fraud -- you're in over your head -- if you were meant to do this, it would be easier. 

Martin Luther, the 15th century church reformer, said the Devil was exquisitely sensitive to humor and the trick to banishing him lay in laughing in his face. I've wondered if that's a skill we must learn to employ and if so, medical school has given me a lot of practice.I was definitely laughing Saturday, along with my classmates, when my best friend placed my doctoral hood round my neck backwards. It wasn't intentional; he'd been handed it backwards and the rest will go down in Hooding Ceremony history. But what better way to thumb my nose at all those demons?

All the same, there is a tender, albeit bitter sweetness to graduation, that comes from having to hold off being called "doctor" a bit longer. I've gone through the exercises and taken my Osteopathic Medical Oath, but with rotations yet to complete, I won't hold my degree in hand until later this year. Like a teenager who is neither child nor adult, I'm in a liminal space. I'm no longer entirely a student, but then again, I'm not entirely a doctor. Thankfully, however, I'm closer to one than the other and the confidence I've gained from standing shoulder to shoulder with my graduating classmates, pledging my life, loyalty, and sacred honor to the practice of medicine and the care of patients, will see me through.  

To my beloved entering classmates, nearly all of whom preceded my graduation in 2010, I can truly say, look behind you, the footsteps you've been hearing are mine. I'm catching up at last.        

(Photo of the author and graduating classmate and friend Dr. Joseph Scott, copyright 2012, all rights reserved) 

No Claims to Courage

Well, as of yesterday, surgery is over. I passed my exam, packed my bags, and said adios to the little two story house on the banks of Long Pond in central Maine, that has been home away from home since mid-October. Thursday marked my last shift on the surgical unit and it felt wistful, saying goodbye to people who've become coworkers as much as teachers these past six weeks.

Technically speaking, my instructors have been surgeons: general surgeons, urologists, obstetrician/gynecologists, orthopedists, and neurosurgeons. Quite a range when you consider the size and scope of the hospital. But the nurses and surgical techs were teachers, too, and good ones. And I ought not forget the anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists. Together, they taught me how to behave as a member of a surgical team.

It has to be difficult, being regular staff and having a newbie walk through your doors eight times a year. Friday, one leaves and Monday, another shows up. Friday's guy has finally figured out how to find the bathroom without having to be shown and Monday's doesn't know what a bathroom is yet. It's not quite that bad, but you get the idea. There's a constant flow of change. Students are a "complete unknown," as Dylan put it, rolling stones gathering as much moss as they can before rolling on.

When I began this rotation, it was with the understanding that a community hospital wasn't exactly the best place to learn about surgery if I wished to become a surgeon. Opportunities for observing and participating were, of necessity, directed toward the ordinary or the mundane. I suppose that's true, but I gained a great deal in spite of the presumed limitations. One of my pastoral mentors reminded me, as I was leaving for seminary, "You can learn something from every preacher, so pay close attention." That advice holds true for rotations and this one was no different.

For instance, I learned how to intubate, i.e. insert a plastic tube into the mouth of an anesthetized patient, past the epiglottis, locate the vocal folds, and slide the tube between them, ensuring an adequate airway during surgery or at other times when a patient needs ventilatory support to breathe. I learned how to place a laryngeal mask airway tube when intubation wasn't necessary. And I learned how to start an IV line. All good tools to stow in my doctor's bag alongside the reflex hammer and stethoscope.

I learned how to take a leap of faith, not once but twice, by incising a patient's belly with a knife sharp enough to cut just by looking too closely at the blade. I also learned the cost of hesitation. Surgical time is billed to the tune of twenty-five bucks a minute. With a mere 60 seconds constituting each minute, one second wasted in unnecessary indecision is accompanied by the sound of 42 cents clinking down the drain. Standing alongside my patient I had 84 cents max to decide whether I had the guts for this kind of work or not. You wouldn't think faith could be thus quantified, would you?

I think my father would have enjoyed talking about this rotation. He knew some experiences have to be lived to understand, but he'd encourage me to try, anyway. Just the effort, sometimes, takes us places we'd never visit otherwise. Incising a half inch long swath into a belly that had held children cut deeply into my own fears. Of what, I'm not sure, but I came out of the surgical suite feeling braver than when I went in. e.e. cumings wrote, "It takes courage to grow up and turn out to be who you really are." While I make no claims to courage, I do think I managed to do some growing up the last few weeks and I have a lot of people to thank for it.


(Photo of Long Pond at sunset copyright 2o11 by the author. Like a Rolling Stone, words and music by Bob Dylan, copyright 1965)

Paying Your Dues or to Paraphrase Charlie Brown...

"Doesn't anyone know what surgery is all about?"

I've been wrestling with this question for the past four weeks and it hasn't been an easy match. I thought I had it pinned a couple of times and then it squirmed out from under me. Think about those occasions when you've watched Olympic wrestling and you'll get an idea what I mean. Both shoulders have to touch the floor at the same time for a winner to be called and close isn't close enough.

For my friends who are surgeons-in-residency or our preceptors, the answer is probably straightforward, surgery is about cutting. Suggesting there is a deeper philosophical significance for what they do is likely to trigger a smile, a good natured nudge in the ribs, and, "There Beggar goes again." Sorry, guys (a non-gender specific term for me, inclusive of gals, guys, and a dog or two thrown in for good measure). I can't help it. Finding meaning is what I do.

That said, I'm really not referring to surgery as such, but to basic surgical training, i.e. third-year surgical rotations. The former is way out of my league, but regarding the latter, to borrow from Country singer/songwriter Garth Brooks, I'll "choose to chance the rapids and dare to dance the tide." But as anyone knows who's rafted the Colorado or any other big river, you've got to have a guide who knows the water, and on this chilly November morning, it's my father's turn to take the tiller.

What does a saddlemaker have to do with surgery? Aside from the fact that he was well-acquainted with sharp knives and slicing through flesh? He knew what it was like to be an apprentice. You see, at the end of World War II, when he was discharged from the Army, the way someone pursued a career in saddle making was by apprenticing themselves to masters of the art. These were men, predominantly, who began honing their craft well before my father was born. They started out precisely as he was expected to, by sweeping the shop floor, watching and listening, doing a lot of what we call in medicine, "scut work," and waiting his turn.

It was frustrating, he told me years later, because he wanted to learn and surely, that was best done by doing. Being told he wasn't ready to "do," that he'd be told when he was, tried every ounce of patience he could muster. Slowly, over time, he was allowed to take carving tools and scrap leather home to practice and eventually, one thing led to another. It was very much like a third-year surgical rotation, I've decided.

For my part, I spend a great deal of time watching and keeping my hands to myself. Students have two primary tasks in a rotation like this. The first is learning how to refrain from contaminating yourself or anything and anyone else in the operating room, no small feat in itself. One false move and you've touched something you shouldn't or bumped into someone you wish you hadn't. Mikhail Baryshnikov would cringe at the choreography.

The second task is harder, perhaps hardest of all. It entails practicing knot tying and suturing at home, standing next to the surgeon for what feels like forever, waiting to be invited to participate at the most rudimentary of levels, i.e. holding a retractor, snipping sutures, or if you're lucky, stapling an incision closed. If you're really lucky, like I was the other day, you get to guide a laproscopic camera, which has been inserted through a plastic tube called a trochanter, into a patient's abdomen, while your preceptor removes an inflamed gall bladder. It felt like I was moving up in the world.

Seriously, you want very badly, as a student, to do something that matters. It's one of the primary reasons we attend medical school in the first place. In a specialty like surgery, however, and truthfully, in all medical specialties, we have to learn the value of humility. We're students, after all, and the only proficiency we possess at this point in our education is that of memorizing large quantities of material, a skill which, our preceptors inform us, has limited applicability in the world of real medicine. It's all about learning how to wait your turn and appreciate every opportunity to do more.

Horace Mann wrote, "More will sometimes be demanded of you than is reasonable. Bear it meekly, and exhaust your time and strength in performing your duties, rather than vindicating your rights." Eventually, your time will come and those who've witnessed your commitment and devotion, will remember you as one who worked your heart out and didn't complain. As my father would say, it's called paying your dues.

(Creative Commons image of Charlie Brown shopping for a Christmas tree by KIT via Flickr; The River lyrics copyright by Garth Brooks)

First Assist

More years ago than I like to advertise, I was flat on my back in a hospital bed, awaiting surgery for kidney stones. It all began on a typical July 4th weekend in northwestern Colorado, visiting family and fishing in the high country. A delightful lunch of cutthroat trout cooked over an open fire was followed by nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort that puts the P in pain. The local ER doc diagnosed a renal stone and I began seeing a urologist in Denver the next week.

As we say in medicine, my initial treatment was conservative, i.e. reduce calcium intake and drink water or cranberry juice like it's going out of style. At that time the theory was, my kidneys were less adept at eliminating excess calcium, so by flushing them with clear fluids, we'd rinse them of the offending chemical. It was a good theory; the problem was, it didn't entirely work, resulting in my first exposure to surgery coming from the patient's side of the operating table.

I spent this past week, and will spend the next five weeks, on the surgeon's side and believe me, that's a whole lot more fun. Not that I minded being a patient, but the lessons I learned have stuck with me. For instance, there's nothing like being at the mercy of the healthcare system to teach future doctors to pay attention when their patients speak. It's one thing to get report of 522b's requests for morphine and quite another to have been 522b, in severe pain, and have to wait -- in pain -- for the hours to tick away like days before the next round of medications arrives. Thanks to the gravel pit that collected in my left kidney, I know what this is like.

What makes the surgeon's side of the table more enjoyable -- apart from the absence of pain -- even for this incipient psychiatrist, is the fact that you're delving into live anatomy. For all the times you may have laid scalpel to preserved, leathery cadaver flesh, when you insert your fingers into the warm open incision of a living person, you've got to experience a mix of awe and fear. Fear that you'll do something harmful and awe because you're in a position to do so, probing where no one has gone before. It's enough to make the crew of the Enterprise envious.

My week, as do most, began with Monday -- orientation, a meet and greet with the staff, butterflies in the stomch. The next four days were spent in the OR from near dawn to mid-afternoon, when the surgeons head off to do office work and I'm left on my own. This rotation is largely self-directed and I have the freedom to pick and choose the procedures I find most interesting to scrub-in on. Since I'm working in a community hospital, I won't see cardiac or severe trauma cases -- we don't have the ICU facilities for major surgeries like those -- but I'll definitely see the kinds of things most of my future patients will experience and that's what matters. Naturally, I'll scrub-in for all those performed by my primary instructors, but I can also work with any other surgeon who's willing to have a student along for the ride.

It was the latter that led to another first this week, an opportunity to act as First Assist, the individual who stands opposite the surgeon, ready to offer whatever assistance the surgeon requires at the moment. Ordinarily, First Assist is a trained nurse, PA, or another physician. Under the right circumstances, however, it may also be a student. Yesterday the tumblers clicked into place and I was in the right place at the right time.

Now, before this begins to sound "important," in point of fact, I didn't actually participate in the sense I cut this (aside from sutures) or pulled on that (aside from retractors). Still, having an extra set of hands can be helpful and mine were eager to be put to good use. From a student's perspective, you're assisting, even in small ways, and that's always better than observing or merely standing by, all scrubbed up with nowhere to go and nothing to do when you get there.

And the word gets around. You've done the job once, you were attentive and diligent, you didn't screw up, the doctor seemed to enjoy your company; he'll tell other docs and you'll get to do it again. The more often you do, the better you'll get, and sooner or later, someone may hand you a scalpel, which to your inexperience feels like a Bowie Knife, and say, "You make the first cut."

Are my hands ever eager.


(Creative Commons image by Army Medicine via Flickr)